错层位巷道布置在煤与瓦斯共采上的应用构想

随着煤矿开采深度和强度不断增加,瓦斯灾害的发生概率也随之增大,煤与瓦斯共采技术逐渐得到重视。本文致力于为提高煤矿瓦斯抽采率,实现高瓦斯矿井安全、高效生产找到更多可能的有效方法。通过对错层位巷道布置开采首采工作面之后其上覆岩层运动特点进行总结分析,试着从改革巷道布置方面着手,将错层位巷道布置与现有煤与瓦斯共采技术结合,从而提出了错层位巷道布置在煤与卸压瓦斯共采上的应用构想。文中做出了相应的预测,认为采用这种方法,比用传统方法抽采瓦斯在安全、经济方面更具优势,需要通过具体工程实践进行验证。     

开采沉陷预计与控制仿真试验教学系统

仿真教学是计算机辅助教学的高级阶段。从传统教学的不足与仿真教学的优点入手,针对传统矿山开采沉陷课程教学,以提高教学效果为目的,开发了基于VB的开采沉陷预计与控制仿真试验教学系统,将仿真教学引入到矿山开采沉陷学教学过程中。在论述系统开发原理及功能设计的基础上,详细介绍了系统3大模块——地表移动变形分析模块、动态演示模块及开采沉陷控制技术模块的功能与特点。基于本系统,通过人机交互界面与系统进行交流,可以让学生充分理解并掌握地表及岩层破坏机理,开采沉陷预计、开采沉陷防治等重点内容,从而有效提高教学质量和效果。教学实践表明,将计算机仿真教学纳入到矿山开采沉陷学教学过程中,可以极大地提高学生理解能力,培养学生的学习兴趣。     

浅埋煤层综采工作面地表移动规律研究

为了控制煤层开采对东胜地区脆弱的生态系统的破坏,获得该地区综采工作面地表移动变形规律,采用在综采工作面上方建立地表移动观测站的方法,经过多次观测获得数据并进行处理分析,结果表明:地表刚开始移动就表现出突然性、剧烈性的特点,下沉值急剧增大,并很快达到最大值,迭到充分采动;工作面停采后,地表短时间内达到稳定状态.在开切眼附近煤柱侧50 m、采空区侧100m为集中变形区域,该区域内地表变形值超过建筑物Ⅰ级损坏标准.概率积分法预计参数取值为下沉系数0.71,水平移动系数0.40,左拐点偏移系数0.07,右拐点偏移系数0.37.     

上覆岩层阶段性活动规律实测研究

为得到桃园煤矿上行卸压开采上覆岩层活动规律以及巷道工程开挖时机,采用长度137m深孔位移监测和受采动巷道围岩收敛监测等多种手段相结合,长期跟踪覆岩活动情况。结果表明:上覆岩层活动具有阶段性,第一阶段为活动剧烈期,以裂缝带内岩层活动为主,持续时间约90d;第二阶段为活动缓和期,以弯曲下沉带内岩层活动为主,持续时间约75 d;之后为岩层活动稳定期;受采动影响的巷道呈阶段性滞后响应特征;上覆岩层活动稳定时间为采后165 d,巷道开挖最佳时机为采后165~180d。     

基于分子动力学的无定形纤维素热力学性质仿真

为更深入地在微观角度上研究变压器绝缘纸老化机理,利用分子动力学仿真,对不同温度下纤维素无定形区的热力学性质进行了研究。结果表明:纤维素无定形区为各向同性弹性材料,其弹性系数和各模量随着模拟温度的升高均有减小的趋势,与晶区相比,温度对其影响较大;无定形区的刚性随温度升高出现较大减弱;随着温度升高,无定形区内氢键数量减少,并且分子内氢键数目较分子间氢键数目下降快。对比晶区内的氢键数目在相同模拟温度下的极小变化,可知纤维素的老化首先是从纤维素的无定形区内分子间的氢键被破坏开始的。随模拟温度的升高,纤维素分子链运动加剧,但其末端距无明显变化。温度对纤维素无定形区的力学性质和氢键的影响从分子层次上阐明了纤维素绝缘老化实验中结晶度升高及无不定形区先行老化的微观机理。     

基于人眼运动检测的疲劳预警系统研究

在当今节奏高效率的生活工作中,疲劳是引发诸如交通、医疗等事故的重要因素之一。本文基于Perclos等人眼疲劳判定的算法,研究设计了一个嵌入式疲劳预警系统。通过USB摄像头采集视频图像,采用Haar特征的级联分类器从图像中检测出人脸区域和人眼区域,并用帧差分方法跟踪人眼区域,提取其差分统计特征,结合3个准则判断疲劳状态,并进行预警。本系统的设计旨在使打瞌睡人们如驾驶员,能通过系统及时发觉自己的状态,减小由于疲劳产生的事故的可能性。     

拼焊板U形件弯曲成形回弹补偿和焊缝移动规律研究

为了提高预测回弹的准确性,选用了拼焊板U形件作为研究对象,运用Dynaform软件,进行冲压成形和回弹的有限元数值模拟研究,得出了压边力、板料强度以及板料厚度对焊缝移动的影响规律,并探讨了焊缝、压边力、材料性能参数和板料厚度对回弹的影响,最终进行回弹补偿与实验验证.研究结果表明随着压边力的增大,焊缝向厚侧移动;板料强度不同时,焊缝向强度高的一侧移动;厚度不同时,焊缝向板料厚的一侧移动;焊缝会令板料的回弹量增大;随着压边力的增大,回弹量减小;弹性模量相同的条件下,材料屈服极限σs越高,回弹角越大;材料硬化指数n越小,回弹角越大;保持厚侧板料不变的情况下,另一侧板料越薄,回弹量越大.     

基于眼动追踪技术的森林公园环境 视听交互评价

森林是人们逃离城市压力的重要场所,对游憩者身 心健康具有重要作用。声景是恢复性景观设计的要素之一,但 目前声景的研究较少考虑视听交互作用。以福州国家森林公园 为研究对象,以20个森林公园环境视听视频(10个有声视频、 10个无声视频)为研究材料,借助眼动仪和声景感知评价问卷 探究声景感知对森林公园视觉注意力恢复效益的影响。结果表 明：1)除谈话声和儿童嬉戏声较突出的样地(S5)外,视听组 合刺激下森林公园环境促进注意力恢复的能力均比单一视觉刺 激强;2)单一视觉刺激与视听组合刺激下森林公园环境的视 觉行为特征存在差异,与无声场景相比,声景元素的加入能够 使被试扩大关注区域,自然声为主导的声景会引导被试关注植 被、水体等自然元素,人工声和机械声会引导被试关注人和人 工景物;3)鸟鸣声、流水声等自然声对促进注意力恢复有积 极影响,而儿童嬉戏声、谈话声和脚步声等人工声则会产生消 极影响。     

Evaluation and validation of an automatic jaw movement recorder (RumiWatch) for ingestive and rumination behaviors of dairy cows during grazing and supplementation

Observation of ingestive and rumination behaviors of dairy cows may assist in detecting diseases, controlling reproductive status, and estimating intake. However, direct observation of cows on pasture is time consuming and can be difficult to realize. Consequently, different systems have been developed to automatically record behavioral characteristics; among them is the RumiWatch System (RWS; Itin and Hoch GmbH, Liestal, Switzerland). Until now, the RWS has not been thoroughly validated under grazing conditions. The aim of the current study was to validate the RWS, against direct observation, in measuring ingestive and rumination behaviors of dairy cows during grazing and supplementation in the barn. A further objective was to examine whether it is possible to refine the algorithm used by the evaluation software RumiWatch Converter 0.7.3.2 to improve the accuracy of the RWS. The data were collected from an experiment carried out with 18 lactating Holstein cows in a crossover block design including 3 treatments and 3 measuring periods. All cows grazed night and day, 19 h/d, and were either unsupplemented or supplemented, with chopped whole-plant corn silage, or chopped whole-plant corn silage mixed with a protein concentrate. During the measuring periods, cows were equipped with the RumiWatch Halter, and their ingestive and rumination behaviors were recorded concurrently by the RumiWatch Halter and by direct observation (690 × 10 min). Comparison of concurrently measured data shows that the RWS detected jaw movements reliably, but classification errors occurred. A low relative prediction error of ≤0.10 for the number of rumination boluses, rumination chews, and total eating chews was found. A high relative prediction error of >0.10 was found for the number of prehension bites and time spent in prehension and eating. Both converter versions performed equally well in differentiating ingestive and rumination behaviors when cows were supplemented in the barn or when grazing and supplementation activities were combined. For grazing cows, with no supplementation, more reliable results for the total number of eating chews, rumination chews, prehension bites, and time spent in these activities were obtained, by using the RumiWatch Converter 0.7.3.11. In light of these findings, further research is warranted to improve the accuracy of the RWS and to allow a differentiation between mastication chews and prehension bites while eating.     

Movement and distribution of Sitophilus zeamais adults and relationship between their density and trapping frequency in wheat bulks under different grain temperatures and moisture contents

Movement and distribution of Sitophilus zeamais adults and relationship between their trapping frequency and insect density were determined in one tonne wheat with 11.5 ± 0.2, 12.5 ± 0.1 and 13.5 ± 0.2% moisture contents (wet basis) inside cylindrical bins at 20, 25 and 30 °C. The introduced adult densities were 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 adults/kg wheat (A/kg). Inside each bin, 15 probe traps were vertically installed in three layers. In each layer, five traps were installed at the center and half radii of the bin individually. The trapped adults were counted daily up to 7 d, and then 15 kg wheat was sampled at each trap location. The insect number in each sample was counted.The recovered adults in the top layer were less than that in the middle layer, while no significant difference between at middle and bottom layers. In each layer, adults preferred the center location at 0.5 A/kg, while this trend was unidentified at other densities. There was an autocorrelation of insect densities at adjacent locations at ≥ 1.0 A/kg, while no autocorrelation in the vertical direction. The adults had an aggregation distribution at any temperature, moisture content and adult density. The normal and Poisson model could not be used to describe the distribution of the count frequency of the adults in the samples, while the negative binomial model could describe this distribution in 18 out of 27 sampling sets at ≤ 1.0 A/kg. The trapping frequency was strongly influenced by the trapping period and increased with the increase of insect densities. The relationship between adult densities and trapping frequencies at the sampling locations had a significant difference at different grain temperatures, while no difference at different moisture contents, grain depths, and locations.